Abdullah Zühdi Efendi's Writings

Abdullah Zühdi Efendi was an Ottoman calligrapher who lived in the 19th century. Many of the writings that hold great significance in the internal decorations of the Prophet's Mosque were produced by him. According to Adnan Şensoy's explanation, he earned this honorable position by winning a competition held in the Ottoman palace. Abdullah Zühdi Efendi's writings in the Prophet's Mosque are spread over a very wide area, including the plaques around the Sacred Chamber, column inscriptions, dome interiors, and inscriptions above the doors. These writings represent the pinnacle of the styles of celî sülüs and naskh calligraphy. An interesting detail mentioned in Adnan Şensoy's explanation is the calligrapher's secret signature. Some Ottoman calligraphers would incorporate their signatures into their works in a way that would not draw attention, according to the understanding of the time. This tradition of secret signatures indicates not the pride of the master, but rather his humility and the belief that the true owner of the work is only Allah. [Source: TDV Islamic Encyclopedia, "Calligraphy" article, islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hat; Sources of Ottoman calligraphy; Historical sources of the Prophet's Mosque]